NYWO was formed in 1968 by the late Eric McGavin as the British Youth Wind Orchestra. In 1986 the title National was taken to reflect the very high standard of the orchestra.

NYWO continues to commission new works whenever possible, inviting composers and soloists to work closely with the members of the orchestra on new compositions.

The Main Orchestra meets twice a year at Easter and in the Summer for residential courses lasting 12 days each . Directed by renowned national and international conductors and accompanied by professional tutors, a full range of concerts are given each year in venues throughout the country and abroad. Players are aged between 15 and 21 years old and of at least Grade VIII (with distinction) standard.

A variety of courses are held for chamber and saxophone ensembles. These "Focus on Chamber" courses are held at the same time as the main orchestra courses and are led by industry renowned tutors. The standard required to attend these courses is between Grades IV to VII standard.

Admission to any of the NYWO run courses is by audition only. Auditions are held in the Autumn for the following year.

NYWO also offers a variety of activities to supplement the musical activities during the Easter and Summer Courses:

Swimming and sports
Barn Dances or Line Dancing
Vocal and physical warm ups
Sectionals
Leisure activities
Chamber Music
Exercise classes

The NYWO has an Equal Opportunities Policy and does not discriminate on gender, race or ethnic origin, religion, disability or sexual orientation.